An ethical issue relating to research purposes:
Ethics or moral philosophy is the branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct (http://en.wikipedia.com). There is no one set of ethics and these are the norms of standard behavior that guide moral choice about our behaviors, and are learned over time.
An ethical issue relating to the gathering of information for research purposes is privacy, and how the use of personal information is keep safe and private. People have the right to their personal information safe and secure and there are 12 privacy principles that need tho be considered when gathering information for research. These 12 principles are: 1. Purpose of collection of personal information, 2. Source of personal information, 3. Collection of information, 4. Manner of collection of personal information, 5. Storage and security of personal information, 6 Access to personal information, 7. Correction of personal information, 8. Accuracy of personal information to be checked before use, 9. Personal information not to be kept for longer than necessary, 10. Limits on use of personal information, 11. Limits on disclosure of personal information, and 12. Unique identifiers. In New Zealand we have the Privacy Act 1993 which controls how ‘agencies’ collect, use, disclose, store and give access to ‘personal information’.
Understanding of copyright and fair use of material:
My understanding of copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time in New Zealand this is a period of 50 years, copyright is part of a area of the law know as intellectual property. Copyright prohibits the copying of material without the permission of the copyright holder, and includes books, articles, music, anything from websites. Using the Creative Commons, the author can assign the level of free material you can use, and you will usually need to acknowledge the material to the author when can using it.
Fair use of material: In its most general sense, a fair use is any copying of copyrighted material done for a limited and “trans formative” purpose, such as to comment upon, criticize, or parody a copyrighted work. Such uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner. In other words, fair use is a defense against a claim of copyright infringement. If your use qualifies as a fair use, then it would not be considered an illegal infringement. (http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/).
by copyrighting their material, an author protects themselves and guarantees their ownership of their work. if anyone is to use their work they must acknowledge them and pay them for the right to do so, also known as royalties, ensuring the fair use of their material. if anyone unfairly uses the authors material without their knowledge they open themselves up for legal ramifications which range from large fines to imprisonment.